Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States both in the general population and among people involved in the justice system. Research suggests suicide rates among those detained in jail and prison have increased in recent years. For this reason, it is important to understand and identify potential suicide risk factors among justice-involved populations. This study utilized violent death and arrest data to examine justice-involved suicide (n = 646) and homicide (n = 1,196) decedents and non-justice-involved suicide decedents (n = 976). The group comparisons were based on demographics, arrest records, and mental health and substance use variables. A higher proportion of suicide decedents compared to homicide decedents were found to be White and married, have a higher mean age, and suffer from mental health/substance use issues. Fewer significant differences were found between suicide decedents with and without prior arrest records. Given the identified factors associated with suicide, practices such as mental health/substance use treatment, pharmacological interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychological autopsies may help to prevent suicide among justice-involved individuals. Future research should evaluate interventions for justice-involved individuals at risk for suicide outside of jails or prisons.