Mental health courts are designed to reduce criminal justice system involvement among those suffering from mental health disorders. These courts have proliferated across the United States in the last 30 years, growing to over 470 nationwide. Mental health courts incorporate multidisciplinary teams of criminal justice system practitioners and stakeholders to supervise and connect participants to treatment services. Mental health court evaluations generally show positive results when it comes to reducing recidivism and improving participant quality of life; however, limitations in research methodology reduce the validity of many studies. This article provides a review of literature on mental health courts, including court operations, effectiveness, and related issues.