Social science research, rooted in the scientific method, is the foundation on which to advance knowledge and society. Part of research can include the participation of individuals, or “human subjects,” to help further the understanding of society and issues within society. International, federal, state, and local regulations ensure individuals are protected from harm while participating in research. The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority and other federally funded agencies and individuals adhere to these regulations. This article provides an overview of federal regulations for human subject research protections in social science.