In this study, researchers analyzed Illinois jail and prison deaths that occurred between January 2020 and February 2021 to determine COVID-19 mortality among incarcerated populations pre-vaccine availability. They found over 40% of the 242 deaths occurring in Illinois correctional facilities during that time were COVID-19-related. Most of these deaths occurred in prisons, with seven of the state’s 28 prisons accounting for over half of them. The rate of positive cases per 100 persons was about four times higher among people in prison than those in the general Illinois population. This article explores policies and procedures to reduce COVID-19 death and infection, such as vaccine administration and medical furloughs.